Landfill, Civilization, Disposability, Material Culture, Essay - 1

Landfill, Civilization, Disposability, Material Culture, - Essay Example 1 Production of disposable materials is a key concept in waste management. Common waste management practices include decreasing overall waste production, production of disposable materials, use of landfill and recycling. However, use of disposable materials as means of managing waste products has received much criticism from environmentalists.2 For example, recycling of disposable glass bottles, needles and syringes is responsible for spreading HIV, Hepatitis and other viral diseases. In addition to this, production of disposable material has led to dirtying the environment s such material take time to decompose. In addition to this, as the material decompose; they harbor bacteria and other organisms which cause diseases such as cholera. Lastly, disposable materials encourage users to be irresponsible as they throw waste material anywhere hoping it will decompose.3 It is therefore pointless for individuals to rely on disposable products. Instead, they should rely on recyclable materials. For example, shoppers can carry their goods in reusable bags rather than disposable plastic bags. Similarly, hand towels as well as other disposables should be replaced with cloth towel or hand

Individual Portfolio Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Individual Portfolio - Essay Example capture the customer mindset so that they can be thinking about the company products at all times through the items they possess at home (Estes, Gibbert, Guest, & Mazursk, 2012, p. 97). This can well be explained by use of the customer-based brand equity model that brings together the requirements for a publicly renowned brand in the market. The relationship is supposed to exist between the brand salience and the final resonance that the consumers have in their minds. The objectives of every process above are; creation of active loyalty, rational emotional connections and a deep set brand awareness. To therefore measure the sources of brand equity, the management team especially the brand managers must take into account the facts that they must be aware of how consumers shop and use their products and the actual knowledge that the customers have on these products (Aaker, 2003, p. 253). Adidas AG has extensively used the theorized procedures above to create relevance of their brands in the market with keen awareness that they face stiff competition from other companies like Puma and Nike. The company understands that creation of an attachment to its products by the customers is a procedure. The symbol below represents the company logo that represents the brand imagery as indicated on the logo model above. The image appears on all the brands produces by the company. The three stripes are the ultimate identity of the company. Apparently the company ventures into production of sports attire and facilities. When the customers use these, there is a sense of cohesion between the product and the customer. A theoretical perspective of this issue brings to mind two ways of capturing the customer mindsets; through qualitative and quantitative ways. Adidas Company has used both qualitative and quantitative techniques as sources of measuring their brand equity. For instance, taking the example of the product below, the customer is supposed to be able to create an association

Practical Life Essay Example for Free

Practical Life Essay â€Å"Any child who is self-sufficient, who can tie his shoes, dress or undress himself, reflects in his joy and sense of achievement the image of human dignity, which is derived from a sense of independence.† Maria Montessori Practical life activities give the child an understanding of his/her environment and how it works. The child enjoys all types of work. Child also enjoys keeping the environment beautiful for all to use. This work builds the childs self-esteem, making him feel of value. It may seem like they are playing when they are table scrubbing or polishing silver, but through these types of activities they are becoming prepared to do the real learning. Practical Life activities also have a strong fine motor component and so are valuable in developing and extending childrens fine motor abilities as well as their cognitive development. During the Mid Year Conference if parents want to know 3 activities and the importance from the practical life shelves, then what might be appropriate for 3 year old child? First, I’ll choose one to one wet pouring with handle or without the handle depend on the child’s abilities. This activity helps to develops small motor skills, order, concentration, coordination, independence. Child needs the either whole hand grasp or pincer grip depend on the handle of cup. If child master with this material without spill anything then child can pouring own milk or water at the house. Second, I’ll choose buttoning frame. The Dressing Frames are enable children to learn how to manage common fasteners, such as zippers, buttons, snaps, belt buckles and shoelaces. To help them learn how to unbutton and button themselves. This activity helps to develops small motor skills, order, concentration, coordination, movement and independence. With these skills, your child will soon be ready to take care of much of his daily clothing needs. Three year old child to dress himself from head to toe—if he’s given enough time. Third, I’ll choose cutting and serving bananas. 3-year-old children love to do real work they see us do. At home, child can become a true helper in the kitchen and participate in real cooking activities. This activity helps to develop fine motor skills using a knife to cut banana, order, concentration, coordination, and independence. Using a tool to produce more work for the child. Also, develop of gross motor skills when child carrying the tray and serving the bananas to their peers. For extension, child cans preparing foods using knife or cutting other kinds of fruits or vegetables.

Nonprofit and charity organizations

Nonprofit and charity organizations Why are Volunteers Important? For many nonprofit and charity organizations volunteers are the life-blood that keeps the organization working and performing to its true purpose and goals. Without these unpaid volunteers the charity or nonprofit organisation would not be able to function because costs of employing paid workers would probably make it unviable. For any organisation that uses volunteers recruitment can cause a big headache. It is tempting to think that if someone is prepared to give up their time for free then that is all that is needed. This is a mistake. It is important to find the right people for the tasks that need doing but those people will need to have or be prepared to learn the required skills. Shared Values and Purpose Volunteers will also need to fit into the organization so they will need to have the beliefs and attitudes that the organization sees as being important in the role it aims to fulfil in society. This means an organization will need to have clear values and purpose and look for people who share them to recruit as volunteers. When selecting and recruiting volunteers consideration needs to be given as to why the organisation needs volunteers. It is likely that the financial considerations will be an important factor with the economy of unpaid volunteers favouring setting on paid staff. At the same time it is important to recognise that some members of the organisation may well need to be paid employees Them and Us Sometimes a them and us or volunteers and employees scenario may develop which may not be healthy for the organisation. It may be necessary to emphasise that paid employees are an essential part of the organisation and that volunteers will probably be the lifeblood. Rewards for Volunteers People rarely do something with out some kind of reward or return whether it is monetary, training, gaining experience, or for personal satisfaction. Volunteers will need to feel they are contributing and receiving. Ways will need to be found to ensure that both employees and volunteers feel they are valued and have a proper place within the organisation. Defining Boundaries It will be necessary to define the roles and boundaries within the organisation for employees and volunteers and define and communicate clearly what the organisation needs and expects from both which may differ. It will also be necessary to decide what the organization will give to the volunteer. This may be satisfaction and a sense of doing good work, training, experience, a good reference for future employees or perhaps something else. Whatever it is it will need to satisfy the volunteers expectations. To help ensure the nonprofit or charity organization gets the right person in the right place at the right time there will need to be an understanding of what roles are required and the type of people needed to fill them. Job Descriptions and Contracts It is a good idea to create a separate Job Descriptions and contracts for employees and volunteers. This will help define the boundary between employee and volunteer. This is important because some volunteers have been known to claim that they are employees with employees rights which can have serious legal implications. Also some employees may try to claim some of the volunteers perks, rewards or working conditions. The role, or roles, that the organisation want filling will need to be clearly defined to ensure that candidates are interviewed for the right position. An organisation may have several different roles it want to fill and it will be a waste of time interviewing a person who does not have any administration skills or interest in learning them for a role in administration. It is essential to define the role and then decide what skills the candidate will need to either have, or learn. Person Specification. It will be necessary to identify the characteristics and personal qualities and beliefs of the volunteer and their motives for volunteering to ensure that they are right for the organisation and in sympathy with the aims and mission of the organisation. A good idea is for an organization to decide the kind of person they will be looking for and decide what characteristics, attributes and skills are essential or desirable. Separate Recruitment Procedures and Policies The organisation will need to have a separate recruitment procedure and policies for employees and volunteers. This will be necessary to protect the organisation and also offer best protection for employees and volunteers. The organisation will need to comply with the law. Finding Volunteers When the organization has defined the role of the volunteer, created Job Descriptions, Contracts and Personal Specifications and knows exactly what sort of people they are looking for how do they find them? Word of mouth can be an effective and cheap way to find volunteers depending on the role of the volunteer and the numbers of recruits required. This can be effective for some organizations with employees, existing volunteers and their friends and neighbours spreading the word, or service users and their families doing the same. There are also various forms of advertising that can be used to help recruitment. Television, radio, internet, newspapers magazines can be expensive but reach a great number of potential recruits. Cheaper ways of advertising such as putting up posters in local shops, or leaving flyers in public places such as libraries can also work well as can simply handing them out in busy shopping centres. |What ever way the organisation decides to advertise the advertisement will need to have certain information displayed clearly. The name of the organisation and the nature, purpose and values needs to be made clear. It will also be important to display the role of the volunteers and the benefits they will receive. To make it easy for potential recruits the advertisement will need to display clearly how to apply, where to apply or get further information. A contact name, postal and email address and telephone number will help and encourage potential recruits to apply or ask questions. Information in the advertisement should be clear and simple, concise and inoffensive. It should stand out but for the right reasons. Once the method or methods of advertising have been decided and advertisements placed the next stage is to send out application packs with the Job Description, Person Specifications, Application Forms and any other information the organization wants to send or is required to send by law. The organization may decide it wants to keep to assign a date for the return of applications or it may decide to leave it open. Either way it should advise the potential recruit as well as advising them on how or when they will be informed if they are accepted for interview. Interviews The interview should give the organization the chance to access the candidates potential and consider how they will fit in. The previous work done on producing a Job Description and Personal Specification will be a big help in this. Before the interview takes place the format of the interview needs to be decided. For example, will it be a group interview, will there be tasks or tests, or it will candidates be interviewed individually? Decide who and how many people will interview candidates, what questions are going to be asked and how the answers will be rated. All candidates should be treated equally and fairly. When these points have been addressed then a timetable can be scheduled taking in advertising, closing dates, time to consider applications and sending out invitations. With all the preparation work done the interview should give the organization a good idea of if the candidate is suitable for them. Candidates need to be informed as soon as possible. Successful candidates should be informed first just in case they turn down the offer for some reason. An offer can then be made to the next best candidates if deemed suitable. It can also be useful to keep unsuccessful candidates details on file just in case a more suitable position comes up in the future This will save the need to advertise. It should be made clear to successful candidates that any offers are subject to suitable references, qualification checks and any legal checks that may need to be done. It may be necessary, depending on the role offered, for some, or all of these checks to be done before a starting date can be arranged. Getting the Right Person in the Right Place. Finding the right volunteers for a required role can be very difficult and time consuming and expensive. An unsuitable volunteer may cost the organization or charity a lot of money or cause damage to their reputation so it is essential to recruit the right people. If all of these points are considered and taken into account the nonprofit organization or charity will stand a very good chance of selecting the right volunteers for the right role at the right time.

Change Management Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Companies and organizations are changing continually to be more efficient in what they do. Change is not always readily accepted. Many people like to stay where they are and become comfortable with their current position. Business writers and managers have stated that unless organizations continue to change, they will become stale and inefficient. There have been many change management initiatives such as Total Quality Management, Six Sigma, and the Japanese Kaizen. Although these initiatives carry different names and slightly different processes, they all have a few elements in common. The most important elements for successful change management, as emphasized by the course text Human Resources Management in Canada and John P. Kotter’s article Leading Change: Why Transformation Efforts Fail, are time, sufficient communication, and understanding the urgency for change.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Change is gradual; it takes time for things to change. It has been said that, â€Å"Rome wasn’t built in a day.† This is true for the business world as well. We simply cannot expect things to change overnight. Kotter has argued that it would more reasonable to allow a few years in order to fully allow the change process to unfold. Management should give themselves a large window of time to schedule in change. If they believe that they can make a large change over-night, they are merely fooling themselves of their capacity to manage. No matter how good a ma...

Plot Summary of This Other Eden by Ben Elton :: essays research papers

The story begins with a view into what life is going to be like in the next century for the people of Earth. The first image described is of a rat eating away at a man's rotting leg, as he lies in mountains upon mountains of garbage. The man then decides that he is going to have to cut off his leg in order to save himself. This however, is not the world in which the characters of the book live, this is a world created by Nathan Hoddy, an English screen-writer whose job it is to market the end of the world.... The story in set sometime in the future, it does not say exactly when, but gives the impression that it is in the not-too-distant future. The world is much different and technically more advanced, with people (especially those in the USA) frequently undergoing plastic surgery to make themselves look as beautiful and young as they desire. People play with virtual reality helmets in their spare time, and aeroplanes leave the Earth's atmosphere, wait for the earth to rotate, and land where they desire. Britain is the dumping ground for the entire world's waste. There is no place on Earth where people can go outside for any extended period of time, without exposing themselves to millions of harmful rays. The story is set in many countries around the world, it changes between England, the USA, Ireland, and other various parts of Europe. Plastic Tolstoy is probably the main character in this book. Plastic is head of 80% of all the world's media and also runs the claustrosphere company. He has achieved this position of power through convincing the world that marketing is all that matters and that, beforehand, there were too many programmes breaking up the adverts. Plastic Tolstoy is the creator of â€Å"advertainment†, an extra long advert whose aim it is to capture people’s attention whilst also selling them things. Plastic is incredibly powerful and lets everyone he can know about it. He is rude to anyone and everyone, and is good at it. He talks to people constantly in a completely sarcastic and patronising way, probably as a way of letting them know that he is the one in the position of power. For example, when Nathan Hoddy is pitching his idea to him, he returns every idea told to him with a bitterly sarcastic and aggressive reply. "Do I think, perhaps? Plot Summary of This Other Eden by Ben Elton :: essays research papers The story begins with a view into what life is going to be like in the next century for the people of Earth. The first image described is of a rat eating away at a man's rotting leg, as he lies in mountains upon mountains of garbage. The man then decides that he is going to have to cut off his leg in order to save himself. This however, is not the world in which the characters of the book live, this is a world created by Nathan Hoddy, an English screen-writer whose job it is to market the end of the world.... The story in set sometime in the future, it does not say exactly when, but gives the impression that it is in the not-too-distant future. The world is much different and technically more advanced, with people (especially those in the USA) frequently undergoing plastic surgery to make themselves look as beautiful and young as they desire. People play with virtual reality helmets in their spare time, and aeroplanes leave the Earth's atmosphere, wait for the earth to rotate, and land where they desire. Britain is the dumping ground for the entire world's waste. There is no place on Earth where people can go outside for any extended period of time, without exposing themselves to millions of harmful rays. The story is set in many countries around the world, it changes between England, the USA, Ireland, and other various parts of Europe. Plastic Tolstoy is probably the main character in this book. Plastic is head of 80% of all the world's media and also runs the claustrosphere company. He has achieved this position of power through convincing the world that marketing is all that matters and that, beforehand, there were too many programmes breaking up the adverts. Plastic Tolstoy is the creator of â€Å"advertainment†, an extra long advert whose aim it is to capture people’s attention whilst also selling them things. Plastic is incredibly powerful and lets everyone he can know about it. He is rude to anyone and everyone, and is good at it. He talks to people constantly in a completely sarcastic and patronising way, probably as a way of letting them know that he is the one in the position of power. For example, when Nathan Hoddy is pitching his idea to him, he returns every idea told to him with a bitterly sarcastic and aggressive reply. "Do I think, perhaps?

Celta Assignment 1

Cambridge CELTA Written Assignment: Language Related Task (LRT Part 2) Read all instructions carefully before you start this assignment. Checking Understanding Write concept questions for the underlined language items below (together with their expected answers), which could be used in order to check students’ understanding. Draw pictures, diagrams or time-lines where appropriate and remember the basic principles outlined in the concept checking input session. All visuals should include a ‘task’ to involve the students. See the examples overleaf. Complete this assignment on the back of this sheet. Note: You should assume that the teacher has already attempted to illustrate meaning of each language item through visual or verbal technique (definition, picture, situation, mime, etc. ) You are not trying to teach or elicit the target language item, just check understanding. 1. He’s been a policeman for ten years. 2. He was wearing a helmet. 3. I had my photo taken. (the tense is NOT relevant here) 4. Your clothes are filthy! 5. If he’d worked harder, he’d have passed his exams. 6. He travelled around the world on his own. 7. She used to drink coffee. 8. He made up with his girlfriend. Concept Questions + Expected Answers |Time-Line, Picture or Diagram | |e. g. She called as soon as she arrived home. | 1 2 | |Did she arrive home? (Yes) |Past X X Now | |Did she call before or after she arrived home? (After) | | |When exactly did she call? (Immediately after) |Is ‘arrived’ action 1 or 2? 1) | | |What is action 2 (She called) | | |How long was there b etween 1 and 2? (A short time / a moment / | | |seconds) | |e. g. The platform was crowded. |Which ones use a ‘platform’? (train and tube) | |Where can you find a ’platform’? Station) |( ( ( ( ( ( | |What do you do on a platform? (Take / Wait for the train) | | Name: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. TP Group: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. I confirm that this is completely my own work. Signed †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. | |Concept Questions + Expected Answers |Time-Line, Picture or Diagram | | |How long has he been a policeman? | | |Expect answer 10 years |Present Perfect Continuous | |1 |Is he still a policeman? |Past X_______________ Now | | |Yes | | | |For how many years has he been a policeman? Question: | | |Expect answer 10 years |How many years has he been a policeman | | | | | | | | | | |What is a helmet? | | |Expect answer | | |2 |Something you wear on your head to protect it |[pic] | | |If you were riding a motorbike what would you wear on your |[pic] | | |head? [pic] | | |Expect answer a helmet | | | | |[pic] | | | | | | | |[pic] | | | | | | | | | | | |Question: Which one of these is wearing a helmet? | |Does she still drink coffee | | | |Expect answer | | |7 |No she used to. | | | |When did she stop drinking coffee | | | |Some time in the past | | | | | | | |Question: | | |Is she still his girlfriend | | | |Expect answer yes | | |8 |Has she always been his girlfriend | | | |Expect answer No, they spilt up |NO VISUAL NEEDED | | |Why did they get back together because he said sorry | | | | | | | |When did you have your photo taken | | | |Expect answer |Past _______X___________I__ Now | |3 |Some time ago in the past? | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Question: When was your photo taken | | |What would you do if your clothes were filthy | | | |Expect an swer |Clean shirt | |4 |Washed/Laundered/Cleaned |Dirty shirt | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Question: | | |Why didn’t he pass his exams? | | | |Expect answer | | |5 |He did not work hard enough? | | | |NO VISUAL NEEDED | | | | | | | | | | |Who did he travel around the world with | | | |Expect answer | | |6 |He travelled on his own | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Question: | ———————– and Training Centre International Teaching Celta Assignment 1 1. †¦. everything that has happened to us during the day †¦.. MEANING 1. â€Å"has happened† is a grammar structure used for actions which started in the past but continue up to now or to talk about actions that have a result now. Timeline: x (x)(x) has happenedpastpresentfuture CQs : Did it happen in the past? Yes. Is the day going on? Yes. Is it likely to happen some more events? Yes. Are we affected by the things that happened to us during the day? Yes. What events? We didn’t sleep well. What affects do we have now? We may be sleepy and tired now.FORM Subject| +| auxiliary verb| +| main verb|   |   | Have/has|   | past participle| everything + has + happened +–? IhaveYou ‘veWeThey| V3| I have notYou haven’tWethey| V3| lHave you we they | V3| He hasShe ‘s? t| | He has notShe hasn’tit| | heHas she it| | â€Å"has happenedâ€Å" is the form of Present Perfect Tense. PRONUNCIATION -Everything that has happened to us /h? / h? p? nd/ or /? z/ I’ve just watched†¦. He’s just watched †¦. They’ve watched†¦. /? v/ / hiz/ /? e? v/The auxiliary verb is not stressed in short forms but the main verb is stressed. ANTICIPATED PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS 1. Problem: Students may forget to use the auxiliary verb â€Å"has†Solution: Elicit some forms and write on the board. Cross out the one which doesn’t have the auxiliary verb and write the auxiliary form above it. . Problem :Students may confuse the meaning and form with simple past tenseSolution: Write two sentences and ask some CQs. e. g:â€Å"She went to cinema yesterday† â€Å"She’s just gone to cinema? † 1. Which one has an exact time? â€Å"Sentence 1†2. Which sentence has an affect now? â€Å"Sentence 2. She isn’t here now. † etc. 3. Problem: Students may use the base form of the verb instead of the third form. Solution: Cross out the wrong one and write the correct f orm above with a red board marker happened â€Å"†¦everything has happen †¦.. †4. Problem: Students may stress the auxiliary verbs â€Å" have† /h? /or â€Å"has† /h? z/ in short forms. Solution: Do some drilling exercise after modelling â€Å" ’ve† and† ’s† APPROPRIACY Neutral. Appropriate. References 1. http://www. thefreedictionary. com/ 2. http://www. google. com. tr/imgres? q=present+perfect+tense+timeline 3. Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English 4. http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=g2bHdXcszJ4| 2†¦. if scientists invented a pill†¦. , would you take it? MEANINGâ€Å"If conditionals† is the grammar structure used to talk about things possible but very unlikely to be fulfilled. CQs:Is it possible that the scientists invent a pill? Yes†Is it a strong possibility? â€Å"No, weak. †Is the meaning past or present? â€Å"Present†Do we imagine here? † Yes† FORM if + pas t simple would + subj+ bare infinitive CONDITIONAL CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSEIf scientists invented a pill,†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. would you take it? â€Å"Invented† is the past form of the verb† invent†. â€Å"Would† is a modal auxiliary verb here. PRONUNCIATION —-If scientists invented a pill†¦. , would you take it? – /? nvent? d/ /w ju ta? k ? t? / We pronounce â€Å"would† as / w? / instead of / w? ld/ANTICIPATED PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS 1. Problem: Students may think that we are talking about past. Solution: To avoid misunderstanding, students are given an easy task of brainstorming and also a kind of extension such as â€Å" If I were rich, I would †¦. etc. Later concept questions are asked â€Å"Do I imagine about something about past? † 2. Problem: Students may not pronounce the word â€Å"would†/w? ld/ naturally instead of /w? d/ Solution: Emphasize the /w? d/ sound and use backchaining,e. g start by modell ing and drilling the sound /d/ followed by /w? / and then the whole words /w ju ta? k ? t/ 3. Problem : Students may use present form of the verb in the â€Å"conditional clause† instead of the past form when we talk about imaginary situations. Solution : Elicit the correct form of the clause. Cross out the one wrong on the board and write the â€Å"simple past† form above. If I was/were richIf I am rich,†¦References: Harmer,J. (2005),How to Teach English,Longman Gower,R;Phillips Diane;Walters,S(2005) Teaching Practice http://www. ingilizce-ders. com/hata-yanlis/01-telaffuz-hata. htm | 3. Dr.Meddis believes that the unpleasant symptoms we suffer when we don’t sleep†¦. MEANING symptom (n,[ C ]: A sign or an indication of disorder or disease unpleasant (adj): not enjoyableCQs: Does a problem exist on our body? YesShould we see a doctor? YesAre we happy about the problem? NoAre we feeling good? NoFORM It is an adjective complement = adj+nounâ€Å"Unpleas ant† is an adjective here and it is the negative form of † pleasant†. It describes a noun here the â€Å"symptoms†. PRONUNCIATION – – – – †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ believes that the unpleasant symptoms we suffer†¦. -unpleasant /? npleznt/ symptom /s? mpt? ms/â€Å"Unpleasant â€Å"the stress is on the second syllable. â€Å"Symptoms† the stress is on the first vowel sound. ANTICIPATED PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS1. problem: Students may not understand the meaning of the word â€Å"symptoms† Solution: Use the CQs above to Show what â€Å"symptom† means. Ask the students how they feel when they are ill and make them act it out. 2. problem :Students may pronounce unpleasant /? npliznt / by saying /i/ instead of /e/ Solutions: Emphasise the /e/ sound in â€Å"unpleasant† References:http://oald8. xfordlearnersdictionaries. com/dictionary/unpleasantHarmer,J. (2005),How to Teach English,LongmanGower,R;Phillips Diane;Wal ters,S(2005) Teaching Practice| 1. We can put off sleeping for a limited time†¦MEANING to delayCQsIs it something positive or negative? NegativeCan we do it later? YesDo we sleep on time? No FORMIt is separable. It can be followed by a â€Å"noun† or â€Å"verb+ing. When it is used with a pronoun, the pronoun must be placed between the verb and the particlePut off sleeping= verb + particle+ VingPRONUNCIATION We an put off sleeping for a limited time -/ P? t? f /The stress is on â€Å"off†. The pronunciation pattern of phrasal verbs is easy to know as the stress is on the 2nd word. ANTICIPATED PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS:1. problem: Students may think that the antonym of â€Å"put off† is â€Å"put on† and possible that they confuse it with â€Å"take off† Solution: Emphasise that it isn’t the opposite form of the â€Å"put on† Write the opposite form of â€Å"put on† as â€Å"take off† not â€Å"put off† exyensio n: put off a flight/meeting etc 2. roblem: Students may use the pronoun after the phrasal verb. Solution: Write on the board the correct form and highlight the pronoun â€Å"it† â€Å"Put it off† 3. problem :Students may use base verb after the word â€Å"put off†Solution: Highlight the –ing form. Put off sleep +ing References: Longman Dictionary Of Contemporary English(2002) http://www. thefreedictionary. com/ www. fronter. com/cambridge/http://pronunciationcoach. wordpress. com/2012/02/23/phrasal-verbs-the-good-news-the-pronunciation/|